Psoriasis and Cardiovascular Risk Profile: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Psoriasis is an inflammatory immune-mediated, chronic skin disease with many co-morbidities involving complex pathogenic interactions between the innate and adaptive immune systems. In people living with psoriasis, there is an increased probability of having other health conditions such as cardiovascular illnesses. A growing number of studies show that classic risk factors which lead to cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndromes are common in psoriasis patients, leading to a more significant cardiovascular burden. The present article aims to synthesize what is known in the literature concerning the epidemiological and clinical data relating to cardiovascular risk factors and psoriasis. The many pathophysiological mechanisms which justify this association for stratification of the risk profile in psoriatic patients are also reviewed, along with the implementation of different cardiovascular prevention strategies. The benefits and drawbacks of the numerous therapies frequently used to prevent cardiovascular diseases and analyze specific psoriasis medications that impact risk factors of cardiovascular illnesses or the significant arterial events in psoriasis patients. The detailed assessment of the various cardiovascular risk profiles in psoriasis patients has been discussed profoundly. Also, the several mechanisms involving the inflammatory cytokines released from the cells during inflammation, especially in dyslipidemia, atherogenic process resulting in plaque formation, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and even the efficacy of statins, have been reviewed from the sources of different articles published in different parts of the world.