Primary, Secondary Metabolites, Biochemical and Antioxidant Activity of Orthosiphon staminues Benth (Misai Kucing) Under Cadmium Exposure
Mohd Hafiz Ibrahim, Ahmad Ismail, Hishamuddin Omar, Mohd Noor Hisham Mohd Nadzir, Nurul Amalina Mohd Zain
Annual Research & Review in Biology · pp. 1–14 · Published 1 Nov 2017
10.9734/ARRB/2017/36413Abstract
Aims: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of cadmium (0, 3,6, 9 mg/kg) on the primary, secondary metabolites, biochemical and antioxidant activity in Orthosiphon stamineus. Study Design: Orthosiphon stamineus seedlings were exposed to four levels of Cd (0, 3, 6 and 9 mg/kg) in the form of CdCl2 and were applied to the media during preparation. The experiment was organized in a randomized complete block (RCBD) design with three replications. Each experimental unit consisted of five seedlings, and there was a total of 135 seedlings used in the experiment. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Universiti Putra Malaysia between August 2013 to September 2013. Methodology: Total soluble sugar and starch were determined spectrophometically using anthrone reagent, Total phenolics and flavonoid were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation were measured using potassium iodide (KI) and thiobarbiturate acid (TBA). The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH reagent. Phenyll alanine lyase activity (PAL) was determined by using transcinnmic acid and cadmium determination by using inductively coupled plasma emission (ICPMS). Results: Increased in Cd from 0 > 9 mg/kg, the production of total phenolics and flavonoid was enhanced in the shoot compared to the root parts. It was found that enhancement of total phenolics and total flavonoids might be contributed by enhancement of PAL and total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) activity under cadmium exposure. Although total phenolic and total flavonoids increased, the antioxidant activity (DPPH) was reduced with high levels of Cd. It was also found that cadmium accumulated more in roots compared to the shoot. There was accumulation of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation as levels of Cd increased from 0 > 9 mg/kg indicating DNA damage under excess levels of cadmium. Total chlorophyll content also was reduced with increasing levels of cadmium indicating that cadmium disrupt nitrogen uptake of O. stamineus. The study showed that O. stamineus exposed to cadmium accumulate cadmium above the level recommended by WHO indicating there is a safety hazard when this plant is consumed for medicinal purposes. Conclusion: The current study revealed that cadmium contamination would reduce the medicinal properties of O. stamineus although the production of secondary metabolites increased. This is explained by enhanced production of total phenolics, total flavonoids, but lower DPPH values.
References (39)
- 1 Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts [DOI]
- 2 Stress-Induced Phenylpropanoid Metabolism [DOI]
- 3 The effect of drought and ultraviolet radiation on growth and stress markers in pea and wheat [DOI]
- 4 Cadmium toxicity in plants [DOI]
- 5 Unravelling cadmium toxicity and tolerance in plants: Insight into regulatory mechanisms [DOI]
- 6 Molecular mechanisms of metal hyperaccumulation in plants [DOI]
- 7 Higher antioxidant and lower cadmium concentrations and lower incidence of pesticide residues in organically grown crops: a systematic literature review and meta-analyses [DOI]
- 8 Elicitor-stimulated ion fluxes and O 2 − from the oxidative burst are essential components in triggering defense gene activation and phytoalexin synthesis in parsley [DOI]
- 9 The oxidative burst in plant defense: Function and signal transduction [DOI]
- 10 The Genetic Basis of Metal Hyperaccumulation in Plants [DOI]
- 11 A Protein Competition Model of Phenolic Allocation [DOI]
- 12 Nitric Oxide Contributes to Cadmium Toxicity in Arabidopsis by Promoting Cadmium Accumulation in Roots and by Up-Regulating Genes Related to Iron Uptake [DOI]
- 13 Screening for Antioxidant Activity in Edible Plant Products: Comparison of Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation Assay, DPPH Radical Scavenging Assay, and Folin−Ciocalteu Assay [DOI]
- 14 Exogenous treatment with indole-3-acetic acid and salicylic acid alleviates cadmium toxicity in wheat seedlings [DOI]
- 15 Silicon modifies root anatomy, and uptake and subcellular distribution of cadmium in young maize plants [DOI]
- 16 Hydrogen Sulfide Alleviates Aluminum Toxicity in Germinating Wheat Seedlings [DOI]
- 17 Hydrogen sulfide alleviates cadmium toxicity through regulations of cadmium transport across the plasma and vacuolar membranes in Populus euphratica cells [DOI]
- 18 Cd-induced oxidative stress and lignification in the roots of two Vicia sativa L. varieties with different Cd tolerances [DOI]
- 19 Activation of phenylpropanoid pathway in legume plants exposed to heavy metals. Part I. Effects of cadmium and lead on phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene expression, enzyme activity and lignin content. [DOI]
- 20 Primary, Secondary Metabolites, H2O2, Malondialdehyde and Photosynthetic Responses of Orthosiphon stimaneus Benth. to Different Irradiance Levels [DOI]
- 21 Inhibition of the Chloroplast Photochemical Reactions by Treatment of Wheat Seedlings with Low Concentrations of Cadmium: Analysis of Electron Transport Activities and Changes in Fluorescence Yield [DOI]
- 22 Cadmium induced changes in carbohydrate status and enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway in pea [DOI]
- 23 Significance of phenols in cadmium and nickel uptake [DOI]
- 24 Abscisic Acid Induced Changes in Production of Primary and Secondary Metabolites, Photosynthetic Capacity, Antioxidant Capability, Antioxidant Enzymes and Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Activity of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. [DOI]
- 25 Effects of Cd and Al stress on secondary metabolites, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Hypoxis hemerocallidea Fisch. & C.A. Mey [DOI]
- 26 Toxic effects of heavy metals (Cd, Cr and Pb) on seed germination and growth and DPPH-scavenging activity in Brassica rapa var. turnip [DOI]
- 27 Extraction of bioactives from Orthosiphon stamineus using microwave and ultrasound-assisted techniques: Process optimization and scale up [DOI]
- 28 Effect of cadmium on photosynthetic pigments, lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, and artemisinin in hydroponically grown Artemisia annua [DOI]
- 29 Baseline concentration of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn in surface soils of South Africa
- 30 Aqueous extract from Orthosiphon stamineus leaves prevents bladder and kidney infection in mice [DOI]
- 31 ACCUMULATION AND PARTITIONING OF TOTAL PHENOLS IN TWO VARIETIES OF LABISIA PUMILA BENTH. UNDER MANIPULATION OF GREENHOUSE IRRADIANCE [DOI]
- 32 Flavonoids-Rich Orthosiphon stamineus Extract as New Candidate for Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibition: A Molecular Docking Study [DOI]
- 33 Effect of cadmium and aluminum on growth, metabolite content and biological activity in Drimia elata (Jacq.) Hyacinthaceae [DOI]
- 34 Role of Polyphenols in Copper Complexation in Red Wines [DOI]
- 35 Signal transduction pathway for oxidative burst and taxol production in suspension cultures of Taxus chinensis var. mairei induced by oligosaccharide from Fusarium oxysprum [DOI]
- 36 New Facts about CdCl2 Action on the Photosynthetic Apparatus of Spinach Chloroplasts and Its Comparison with HgCl2 Action [DOI]
- 37 Urinary metabolic profiling of cisplatin nephrotoxicity and nephroprotective effects of Orthosiphon stamineus leaves elucidated by 1 H NMR spectroscopy [DOI]
- 38 Quantification and enrichment of sinensetin in the leaves of Orthosiphon stamineus [DOI]
- 39 The effect of Trinexapac Ethyl and three Nitrogen sources on creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis stolonifera ) grown under three light environments
Cited by 9
Wen-Bo Lan, Y. Meng, Xiao-Feng Wang · Scientific Reports · 2025
M. Bukhori, H. Jaafar, A. Ghasemzadeh · Tropical Life Sciences Research · 2021
Mohamad Fhaizal Mohamad Bukhori, H. Jaafar, A. Ghasemzadeh · 2021
Mohamad Fhaizal Mohamad Bukhori, H. Jaafar, A. Ghasemzadeh · 2020
Mohamad Fhaizal Mohamad Bukhori, H. Jaafar, A. Ghasemzadeh · Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences · 2021
Showing 5 of 9 known citations — external sources report more than can currently be individually listed.
Related research
- Prevalence and Predictors of Use of Herbal Medication for Dermatological Conditions in South-South Nigeria — shares topic coverage
- Antibiotic-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis Isolated from Food Canteens in Osun States, Nigeria — shares topic coverage
- In vitro Screening of Herbal Extracts and Antibiotics against Bacteria Isolated from Fish Products at Retail Outlets — shares topic coverage
- Antifungal Effects of Methanolic Extract of Stem Bark of Bridelia ferruginea Benth. Leaves of Aloe vera L. and Stem Bark of Alstonia boonei De Wild — shares topic coverage
- Susceptibility of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Shigella spp to Ethanoic Extract of Lawsonia inermis — shares topic coverage
Article metrics
Real usage data collected on this platform.
59
Page views
0
PDF downloads
44
Outbound clicks
9
Citations
Views over time
Views by country
Approximate, from request IP at view time — not citizenship or institution. Countries with fewer than 5 views are grouped as "Other".
Traffic sources
Referring site, by host.
Views and downloads exclude known bots/crawlers. Citations combines this platform's own DOI-resolved index with each external source's own reported total — see Cited by above for individually listed citing works. Last refreshed 0 seconds ago.