Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection: A Cross-sectional Study among Biology Students at the University of Lomé

Abstract

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) globally, particularly among young adults. In Togo, epidemiological data on CT prevalence in university settings are scarce. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of CT infection and identify associated risk factors among students at the University of Lomé. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 168 biology students. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and sexual behaviors were collected via an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. CT antigen was detected from urine and cervicovaginal swab samples using a rapid diagnostic test. Results: The overall prevalence of C. trachomatis infection was 9.5% (95% CI [5.1 - 14.0%]), with no significant difference between females (10.1%) and males (8.5%) (p > 0.05). A high proportion of infections were asymptomatic (72.7% of females and 60.0% of males). Among males, infection was more prevalent in those reporting multiple partners and inconsistent condom use. In contrast, the high prevalence among females was inconsistent with their self-reported high rates of safe sex practices, suggesting a significant social desirability bias. Conclusion : This study reveals a high, largely asymptomatic prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among students at the University of Lomé. The findings underscore the urgent need for systematic screening programs and targeted prevention campaigns to safeguard the reproductive health of this vulnerable population. These findings, while potentially an underestimation due to the use of rapid testing, underscore the urgent need