Predictors of Diabetic Ketoacidosis among Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Seen in the Emergency Unit

Abstract

Aims: To identify the factors that can predict the development of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) among patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Basrah. Materials and Methods: Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the emergency units of Al-Faiha General Hospital and Al-Basrah General Hospital for the period from June 2013 to June 2014. Methodology: This study was cross-sectional enrolled four hundred patients with T1DM seen in the emergency unit were selected; patients and their families were subjected to specific questionnaires prepared for this study. Results: In this study, 400 patients with T1DM enrolled, 160 patients were having DKA (40%), 240 (60%) were not. Factors that predict DKA include,age, gender, school level of both the patients and their parents, address of the patients, the early initiation of the proper insulin regimen after diagnosis of T1DM, presence of acute recent illness, missing insulin doses and frequency of the dose missing, number of previous DKA attacks, using of syringes or pens as a tool of insulin delivery, however,  the most important two predictors  are the source of insulin supply to patients, presence of glucometer at homes and frequency of its uses. Conclusion: This result provided evidence that multiple factors interact together to play a vital role in the development of DKA among patients with T1DM in Basrah.