Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin among Albinos: A Case Study in Southeastern Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction: Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is a prevalent skin cancer, with a higher incidence among individuals with albinism due to their lack of melanin protection. Aim: This study investigates the association between SCC and different types of albinism, ocular-cutaneous, cutaneous, and ocular, by evaluating serum markers such as Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen (SCCag), Human Melanoma-Associated Antigen (HMAA), and Alpha-Tumour Necrosis Factor (Alpha-TNF) and was conducted in Southeastern Nigeria, where albinism prevalence is relatively high. Methods: A total of 300 individuals with albinism, consisting of 100 oculo-cutaneous (OCA), 100 cutaneous (CA), and 100 ocular albinism (OA), participated in this study. Age-matched controls (n=100) were included. In order to conduct the study, an 8 ml venous blood sample was collected from each participant. Serum SCCag, HMAA and alpha-TNF levels were determined using the ELISA technique. The data generated were subjected to statistical analysis using IBM SPSS version 23.   Results: The results revealed significantly higher serum levels of SCCag, HMAA, and Alpha-TNF in individuals with ocular-cutaneous, cutaneous and ocular albinism compared to controls (p=0.000 in each case). Suggesting a heightened risk of SCC development. Conclusion: These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions, including regular skin screenings and preventive measures.