Pouched Schistosomus Reflexus in a Non-descript Goat

Abstract

Schistosomus reflexus is a rare, severe congenital malformation associated with dystocia in ruminants and is reported less frequently in goats. This case report describes the clinical management and gross morphological features of a pouched presentation in a non-descript goat. A primiparous doe was presented to the Obstetrical Unit of the Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Salem, following rupture of the water bag five hours before admission and protrusion of foetal abdominal viscera through the vulva. The doe's general clinical parameters were within normal physiological limits, and vaginal examination revealed an abnormally shaped foetus in posterior presentation. After lubrication of the birth canal, obstetrical manipulation, controlled traction and sequential disarticulation of foetal segments enabled vaginal delivery of a dead male foetus. Post-delivery examination revealed no maternal genital tract trauma, and the doe recovered uneventfully following postpartum treatment. Gross examination identified marked ventral curvature of the spinal column, exposed abdominal viscera, and fused or ankylosed limbs. The foetal structures formed two distinct anatomical masses, comprising cranio-thoracic and caudal components, enclosed by a continuous pouch-like membranous sac with areas of hair-bearing cutaneous lining. These observations supported the diagnosis of pouched schistosomus reflexus. The case documents a distinctive anatomical configuration in a goat and illustrates the clinical and morphological findings associated with its obstetrical management.