Structural Analysis and Hydrocarbon Prospects in the Niger Delta: 3-D Seismic Section

Abstract

This study evaluates structural controls and hydrocarbon prospectivity in a Niger Delta field using three-dimensional (3-D) seismic reflection data. The dataset comprises eight seismic volumes, including five in-lines and three cross-lines, together with a base map and check-shot data. Faults and horizons were interpreted manually from reflection discontinuities, event displacement and termination, overlapping reflections, and changes in seismic patterns across fault zones. Nine faults were mapped: seven synthetic growth faults dipping basinwards and two antithetic faults dipping landwards. Three horizons, Abbey_H1, Abbey_H2, and Abbey_H3, were delineated from reflection continuity, amplitude, strength, and configuration. Abbey_H1 is interpreted as a sand-prone interval with shale intercalations deposited in a low-energy deltaic-plain setting, whereas Abbey_H2 represents a sand-rich interval with interbedded shale deposited in a medium- to high-energy delta-front environment. Abbey_H3 is characterised by weak, low-amplitude, hummocky-to-chaotic reflections and is interpreted as gravity-driven mass-transport deposits in a deep-water slope setting. The synthetic faults trend approximately west-east, while north-south-trending faults are concentrated in the northern area. Strong reflections along fault margins suggest possible clay or shale smearing and associated sealing potential. Increasing fault throw towards the north may favour hydrocarbon retention, although the interpretation remains qualitative. The results demonstrate the value of integrating horizon mapping with structural interpretation to identify fault-dependent closures and reduce uncertainty in prospect evaluation.