Identification, Quantification of Phytochemicals and Elemental Analysis from Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Andrographis paniculata

Abstract

Andrographis paniculata a nutritive which has been acclaimed medicinally for treatment of diabetics, hypertension, diarrhea and other diseases ethnomedically was screened for it pharmaceutically active ingredients and elemental compositions. The result of qualitative phytochemical showed the presence of alkaloid, phenol, tannin, flavonoid, terpenoid, saponin, steroid and cardiac glycoside which have many pharmacological properties and therapeutic activities, the quantitative phytochemical result revealed the concentration of the phytochemicals as Dihydrocytisine (1.89), ammodendrine (4.3), spartein (3.94), phytate (4.29), hydroxylupanine (7.2), kaempferol (2.68), sapogenin (8.72), tannin (2.41), epihedrine (7.16), ribalinidine (5.94), anthocyanin (12.11), flavones (10.59), flavonones (9.19), aphyllidine (11.67), proanthocyanidin (5.29), isolupanine (1.05), cyanogenic glycoside (5.65) and narigenin(7.31) in mg/kg. The FTIR result also revealed that the plant have amine, amide, ketone, phosphine, alkene and carboxylic acid functional groups confirming the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, tannins and saponins. The X-ray fluorescence result of the elemental analysis showed that the leaf has 23 out of the 27 element analyzed in different concentrations, which was within the accepted concentration required with calcium (64mg/kg), silicon (2.7mg/kg) and sulphur (1.4mg/kg) been the highest concentration in descending order. While Arsenic, Silver, Niobium and Titanium were absent which are heavy metals. The elements and phytochemicals present possess pharmacological activities which confirm the enthomedical claim of the local populace.