Evaluating Genetic Variability and Biometric Indicators in Bread Wheat Varieties: Implications for Modern Selection Methods

Abstract

Major grain-producing countries such as Canada, the United States of America, Mexico, Brazil, Australia, China, India, Turkey, and Russia, in the direction of selection for the creation of new varieties of wheat resistant to abiotic factors, are paying great attention to creating new wheat varieties by developing new genotypes by identifying donors with high-quality and positive indicators of valuable economic traits and introducing them into modern selection methods. Progress has been made in this direction worldwide. Today, many varieties of wheat with valuable economic traits and high grain quality have been created and introduced to large areas. In this study, 23 genotypes were selected from 45 genotypes of bread wheat varieties and lines. The nursery’s growth period lasted between 233-238 days, and the lines appeared more mature than the local check varieties. Compared to the local check varieties, among the plant’s biometric indicators, 15 lines showed positive results in terms of plant height, 10 lines in peduncle length, 5 lines in spike length, 1 line in spike number, and 1 line in resistance to lodging. The statistical analysis of grain yield and grain quality using the Dospekhov method  showed that the experimental error rates for various indices as follows: 0.888% for yield, 3.018% for weight of 1000 grains, 0.627% for Test weight, 2.028% for protein content, 1.519% for gluten content, 2.001% for IDK, and 4.01% for grain glassiness. It was noted that the experiment was conducted correctly in terms of repetitions and showed a positive result. 10 genotypes with yield of genotypes 72.6-96.7 c/ha, weight of 1000 grains 37.9-43.2 g, test weight 803-835 g/l, protein content 16.2-19.3%, gluten content 28.5-30.4% were selected. Accordingly, it was observed that the amount of iron was 1.0-1.8 mg. It was observed that the sample was 1.3 mg in the Gozgon variety and 1.4 mg in the Antonina variety. KR20-27-FAWIR-67, KR20-BWF5IR-2625, KR20-27-FAWIR-138 lines 1.6 mg relative to the local check variety. Lines KR20-BWF5IR-2460, KR20-27-FAWIR-39, KR20-BWF5IR-246 1.7 mg. It was observed that the KR20-27-FAWIR-154 line showed a high result of 1.8 mg.