Spatial Pattern of Insanitary Toilet Facility in Nigerian States and Federal Capital Territory Using GIS Pattern Analysis

Abstract

There are studies on spatial demography that tackled issues related to households livelihood, however little is known regarding toilet facility despite the fact that it is a significant element in household livelihood. Its spatial variability, type, methods, and adequacy are sensitive issues of pressing health concern in rural developing countries like Nigeria. Our objectives are to determine if spatial clustering of Insanitary Toilet Facility exists among Nigerian states and to calculate Z-Sores and p-values to determine statistically significant hot spot states. We used data from Nigerian population and housing census. A GIS Pattern analysis method was employed for both Analyzing pattern and Mapping cluster analysis. Analyzing pattern revealed the presence of spatial clustering of variables with Z-Score value of 2.76 for Nearby bush beach and field, Public toilet 4.64 and Other 2.11. The p-values are statistically significant at p<0.01, p<0.01 and p<0.05 respectively, the observed pattern could not have been the result of random chance. Mapping cluster analysis shows Hot spot states for Nearby Bush Beach and Field to include Ekiti, Kwara, Lagos, Ogun, Osun and  Oyo, Public toilets Abia, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bayelsa, Delta, Imo and Rivers, states, Other type include Abia, Anambra, Bayelsa, Delta, Imo and Rivers states. This study has implication in pre-disaster management phase, environmental sanitation and control and the budgetary provision by authorities. We limit to spatial pattern hence recommend further study to examine predictor factors to predict future vulnerable households. We recommend adapting water closet and well planned pit latrine.