Nanoparticles as a Local Drug Delivery System: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Background: Periodontitis is a condition affecting the supportive structures of the teeth by inflammation and can lead to tooth loss if left untreated. Conventional treatments often do not fully eliminate periodontal pathogens. Local drug delivery used alongside conventional treatments has been employed to target and eliminate bacteria at the site of infection. Nanoparticles present a promising solution for local drug delivery, potentially enhancing therapeutic outcomes. Objective: To comprehensively review and analyse the findings of in vivo studies on the use of nanoparticles as local drug delivery systems in the treatment of periodontitis. Methods: This scoping review was conducted by searching electronic databases like PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science for in vivo studies evaluating the effectiveness of nanoparticle-based local drug delivery systems in managing periodontitis. A total of nine studies met the inclusion criteria and were analysed. Results: Most studies reported significant improvements in pocket depth and clinical attachment level with the use of nanoparticles compared to control groups. Some studies also noted reductions in bleeding on probing and inflammation markers. Conclusion: The reviewed in vivo studies suggest that nanoparticles as local drug delivery systems offer significant benefits in treating periodontitis. They demonstrate enhanced clinical outcomes, good safety profiles, and improved drug delivery efficiency.