Orofacial Changes in the First Year of Life in Babies of Diabetic Mothers in Brazil

Abstract

Aims: Gestational diabetes has a major impact on pregnant women and foetal development, including possible problems in the baby’s orofacial and dental development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the oral conditions of babies born to mothers with diabetes, monitoring them monthly from birth to 12 months of age. Study Design:  This was an observational, prospective, and longitudinal study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted from August 2022 to August 2023 at the Women's Health Reference Center, located in the municipality of Boa Vista, RR, Brazil. Methodology: Data were collected from 60 babies who are part of the follow-up project in Brazil. The data included information on the socioeconomic profile of the families, prenatal history, the birth, any problems with the oral mucosa and dentition, and the oral health habits of the babies. After collecting data using a questionnaire, the oral cavity of the babies was examined on a stretcher specifically designed to accommodate them, mouth mirror and WHO probe. Results: The results of the study revealed some orofacial and dental changes, such as candidiasis, Bohn's nodules and Epstein's pearls, in addition to problems of enamel hypoplasia and hypomineralization. Conclusion: Dental approach integrated with a multidisciplinary team, emphasizing prevention, plays an important role in the healthy development of children born to mothers with gestational diabetes.