Optimizing Cucumis sativus L. Yield and Disease Suppression by Integration of Poultry Manure and Biofungicides

Abstract

This study investigated the synergistic effects of poultry manure and fungicide application on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) growth, yield, and disease control. Declining soil fertility and fungal diseases pose significant constraints to cucumber production in Cameroon. These challenges necessitate sustainable and cost-effective solutions. Field experiments were conducted using a completely randomized block design with three replicates. The study evaluated three poultry manure levels (3, 6, and 10 t/ha) and two fungicide application rates (50 and 75 ml/15 L) of both organic and synthetic formulations. Parameters assessed included vine length, leaf number, collar diameter, fruit yield, days to germination, anthesis, fruiting, and disease incidence. Analysis of variance revealed significant effects of both poultry manure and fungicide types on all parameters. The application of 10 t/ha poultry manure combined with 50 ml/15 L organic fungicide resulted in the highest collar diameter (4.6 cm) and relative leaf area (5280.8 cm²). Maximum vine length (55.8 cm) was recorded with the treatment of 6 t/ha poultry manure plus 75 ml/15 L synthetic fungicide. The highest yield (199.8 t/ha), shortest germination period (3.3 days), and lowest disease incidence (8.34%) were observed with 10 t/ha poultry manure and 75 ml/15 L organic fungicide treatment. Control plants exhibited the poorest growth. This included the shortest vine length (27.7 cm), smallest collar diameter (2.4 cm), smallest leaf area (3037.0 cm²), and lowest yield (0.6 t/ha). They also had the longest germination period (6 days) and the highest disease incidence (74.8% in leaves, 62.4% in fruits). These findings demonstrate the synergistic benefits of integrating poultry manure and organic fungicide application for improved cucumber production and disease suppression in Cameroon. This approach offers a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to synthetic fungicides. The research addresses a critical gap in knowledge. It provides empirical evidence of the combined effects of organic amendments and biofungicides on cucumber productivity. Overall, it offers a novel framework for sustainable agricultural practices.