Assessment of Serum Nesfatin-1 Level, Cardiovascular Parameters and Metabolic Risk Factors among Obese and Non-Obese Adults

Abstract

Aim: To assess the association between serum Nesfatin-1 level and cardio metabolic risk factors among obese and non-obese adults in order to identify cardiovascular abnormalities associated with obesity and explore potential correlations with Nesfatin-1 levels. Study Design: The study utilized a comparative descriptive design and purposive sampling technique to recruit participants. Place and duration of study: The study was carried out at the Department of Family Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State. This study was carried out for the duration of (3) Months. Types of Clinical Study: This study is a case-control study under observational study. Methodology: The study involved 120 participants, divided into two groups based on their body mass index. The chosen participants were divided into two; Group A (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m²) and Group B (BMI 18.5-24.9kg/m²). Clinical and demographic parameters were obtained through a structured questionnaire, and anthropometric measurements were taken. Serum nesfatin-1, leptin, and tumour necrosis factor alpha were quantitatively assayed. Fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein were determined. Results: The mean serum nesfatin-1 (ng/mL), leptin (ng/mL) high density lipoprotein (mmol/L) and tissue necrosis factor–alpha (pg/mL) levels were significantly lower (t = -4.256; p = 0.001 and t = -5.106; p = 0.054, t = -5.282; p = 0.001) in the obese participants (4.25 ± 0.45, 6.22 ± 0.92, 0.854 ± 0.57, 49.76 ± 2.54 respectively) when compared with the non-obese participants (4.64 ± 0.55, 6.56 ± 0.50, 0.942 ± 0.077, 55.67 ± 4.81 respectively). A strong positive correlation existed between total cholesterol (r = 0.290; p = 0.025), low density lipoprotein (r = 0.205; p = 0.116), triglyceride (r = -0.157; p = 0.231) and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.075; p = 0.05) with serum nesfatin-1 among obese participants. A strong positive correlation was also observed between serum nesfatin-1 with fasting blood glucose and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (r = 0.041, p = 0.756; r = 0.070, p = 0.592 respectively) in obese participants. Conclusion: Nesfatin-1 plays a role in the development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and hence could be regarded as a potential biomarker for metabolic and cardiovascular risk in obesity.