Histopathological and Endoscopic Features of Gastric Polyps

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of different types of gastric polyps varies by geographical location and predisposing factors, such as Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection and autoimmune gastritis. The incidence of fundic gland polyps has significantly increased with the widespread use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and the increasing use of endoscopy Objective: The present study describes some general characteristics, macroscopic features, and histopathological features of various types of gastric polyps. Study Design: A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pathology, University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City from January to December 2023. Methodology: A total of 545 patients who underwent gastric polypectomy were included based on predefined inclusion criteria. Clinical information, endoscopic findings, and histopathological characteristics of 568 gastric polyp specimens were collected and analyzed descriptively. Results: Gastric polyps were predominantly found in females, mostly in the 50-69 age group, and located in the gastric body and antrum. The majority of cases presented with >1 polyp, size < 10 mm, and were sessile (non-pedunculated). Non-inflammatory polyps were predominant. The rates of H.pylori infection and dysplasia were low; dysplasia observed was low-grade and of intestinal type. There was a statistically significant association between polyp size and the presence of inflammation and dysplasia (p < 0.001). Larger polyps were associated with a higher risk of dysplasia. However, no significant relationship was observed between polyp size and H.pylori infection. Conclusion: Gastric polyps are predominantly benign, with fundic gland polyps being the most common, mainly found in females and in the 50-69 age group. Polyps are typically small, sessile, and located in the gastric body and antrum. The rates of H. pylori infection and dysplasia are low, and when dysplasia is present, it is low-grade. These findings highlight the importance of combining endoscopy and histopathological evaluation for accurate classification, supporting timely diagnosis and management, and reducing the risk of malignant transformation.