Impact of Inhaled Carbon Soot Particulate Matter (PM10) on Brain Histology Using Wistar Rats

Abstract

Environmental exposure to carbon soot particulate matter (PM) is a growing concern due to its potential neurotoxic effects. This study aimed to investigate the histopathological impact of inhaled carbon soot PM on the cerebellar cytoarchitecture of male Wistar rats. Twenty-three (23) male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups: a control group (unexposed) and three experimental groups exposed to varying concentrations of carbon soot PM (2.131±0.207 mg/m³, 2.161±0.232 mg/m³, and 2.278±0.221 mg/m³) for 28 days. The exposure system simulated real-world inhalation conditions. Animals were sacrificed on days 3 and 28 post-exposure. Brain tissues were processed histologically and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for microscopic evaluation. No statistical analysis was performed. Histological analysis revealed significant cerebellar alterations in the exposed groups compared to controls. Notable findings included Purkinje cell layer disorganization, neuronal degeneration, vacuolations, and gliosis. The severity of these histopathological changes correlated with exposure duration and concentration, with the highest particulate concentration group showing pronounced neurodegenerative effects. Chronic inhalation of carbon soot PM induces structural cerebellar damage, suggesting potential neurotoxic implications for prolonged exposure. These findings underscore the need for stringent regulatory measures to mitigate airborne particulate matter exposure.