Embryonic Central Nervous System Development under Morphine Influence in Pregnant Rats as the Epigenetic Factor

Abstract

Excessive use of narcotic drugs, especially its effect on the central nervous system (CNS) development of the embryos, has given rise to numerous studies in this field. According to the previous studies, morphine consumption during pregnancy can cause a delay in normal development of placenta and embryo. Based on the studies conducted on pregnant mothers’ embryo most abnormalities caused by morphine consumption are related to normal development defects of the embryo’s (CNS). Drug consumption is one of the factors that involve in epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic bioenvironmental effects such as incompetent nutrition, maladies, infections, stressors and drugs consumption, are some of instances that affect safety and genesis of embryo’s (CNS). Survey of epigenetic changes role in normal genesis of embryo’s (CNS), is inclusive of world new researches. Identity of different factors of epigenetic modifications is effective in embryo’s (CNS) health. Changes induced by epigenetic factors can be moderated or reversed by controlling the epigenetic factors. Based on studies, major epigenetic modifications are relevant to DNA methylation and histone modifications. Most important way in prevention from maladies and malformations that result from epigenetic modifications is recognition of epigenetic factors. This paper is a review of the studies on morphine’s role in the abnormal development of different parts of an embryo’s nervous system .These abnormalities are mainly visible in opioid-dependent mothers and fetuses and include brain nuclei, brain ventricles, choroid plexus, cerebellum, spinal cord, and vision, olfaction , taste deficiencies and epigenetic.