Levels of Maternal Serum Alpha-fetoprotein and Beta Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in HIV Seropositive Pregnant Women Attending  Antenatal Care at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nigeria

C. H. Udeogu; M. C. Ugwu; J. Okwara; A. C. Ohale; O. C. Ike; N. C. Amadi; O. Ugwu; F. C. Eguogwu

doi:10.9734/jammr/2021/v33i1230939

Research Article Open access CC BY 4.0

Levels of Maternal Serum Alpha-fetoprotein and Beta Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in HIV Seropositive Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nigeria

C. H. Udeogu, M. C. Ugwu, J. Okwara, A. C. Ohale, O. C. Ike, N. C. Amadi, O. Ugwu, F. C. Eguogwu

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research · pp. 32–38 · Published 25 May 2021

10.9734/jammr/2021/v33i1230939

Abstract

HIV infection remains a worrisome pandemic especially in developing countries like Nigeria, with an increasing number of infected women becoming pregnant, with added risk of pregnancy complications such as intrauterine fetal death, neural tube defects, and vertical transmissions. Hence this study assessed the levels of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) and beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) in HIV seropositive pregnant women, and their implication for maternal and fetal health. A total of 86 patients were recruited for the study from the Antenatal Clinic of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH) Nnewi. Forty three were HIV seropositive (Test group), and forty three were HIV seronegative (Control group). Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein and beta human chorionic gonadotropin levels were assayed by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. The results showed that MSAFP levels (3.14±2.80 ng/ml) were significantly lower (P < .05) in HIV infected pregnant women when compared to HIV uninfected pregnant women (4.75±3.68 ng/ml). There was no significant difference in the levels of β-hCG (217.88±63.85mIU/mL) in the test group (P = 0.629) as compared to controls (223.75±47.71 mIU/mL). In the test group, increased CD4 counts were significantly associated with increased MSAFP and β-hCG levels in a positive fashion (P < .05). Increase in Gestational age was also significantly associated with increased β-hCG levels (P < .05). The measurements of MSAFP and β-hCG levels may be used alongside CD4 count in the assessment of maternal and fetal wellbeing. Human Immunodeficiency Virus by reducing the levels of MSAFP in HIV infected pregnant women increases the likelihood of pregnancy complications such as intrauterine fetal death.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome alpha-fetoprotein beta-human chorionic gonadotropin HIV infections pregnancy Down syndrome

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C. H. Udeogu, M. C. Ugwu, J. Okwara, A. C. Ohale, O. C. Ike, N. C. Amadi, O. Ugwu, F. C. Eguogwu (2021). Levels of Maternal Serum Alpha-fetoprotein and Beta Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in HIV Seropositive Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nigeria. Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research , 32–38. https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2021/v33i1230939

Affiliations

C. H. Udeogu — Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B 5001Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria.
M. C. Ugwu — Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B 5001Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria.
J. Okwara — Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B 5001Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria.
A. C. Ohale — Department of Medical Laboratory Science, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
O. C. Ike — Department of Industrial Chemistry, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 01660, Agbani, Enugu State, Nigeria.
N. C. Amadi — Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B 5001Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria.
O. Ugwu — Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B 5001Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria.
F. C. Eguogwu — Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B 5001Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria.

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