Biofumigation Reduces the Fusarium Vascular Discoloration and Enhancement of Vegetative Growth in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L)

Abstract

This study investigated the combined use of bio-fumigation and organic amendments as an eco-friendly alternative for managing Fusarium wilt while enhancing tomato growth and productivity. Field experiments were conducted over two consecutive growing seasons (2015–2016), using a split-plot design with bio-disinfectants (poultry manure, cow dung, CAMAZEB® fungicide, and an untreated control) and bio-fumigant crops (cabbage, garlic, onion, and an un-amended control). Results revealed that the integration of poultry manure with cabbage consistently delivered superior performance, producing the tallest plants (up to 67.0 cm), highest leaf counts (191.7 leaves), and maximum yields (7.37 t/ha). This treatment also significantly (p<0.001) reduced vascular discoloration (severity score: 3.9) and achieved the highest disease reduction. Organic amendments, particularly poultry manure, improved soil fertility and microbial activity, enhancing natural pathogen suppression. Cabbage’s glucosinolate-derived compounds exhibited strong antifungal effects, further inhibiting Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici growth. The findings demonstrate that combining bio-fumigation with organic amendments offers a synergistic and sustainable approach to Fusarium wilt management, promoting healthier plant growth and higher yields in infested soils. This approach presents a viable, low-cost solution for smallholder farmers in tropical and subtropical regions, contributing to enhanced food security and agricultural sustainability.