Knowledge of Causes and Care of Neonatal Jaundice among Nursing Mothers attending Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Neonatal jaundice is a common neonatal condition that may result in serious complications when recognition and appropriate care are delayed. Maternal knowledge is important for early identification, timely care-seeking and avoidance of unsafe home practices. This study assessed knowledge of the causes and care of neonatal jaundice among nursing mothers attending Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used. A total of 384 nursing mothers attending Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, participated in the study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that assessed socio-demographic characteristics, perception of neonatal jaundice, knowledge of causes, maternal care practices and beliefs, and perceived barriers to orthodox care. Data were analysed using frequencies, percentages and mean scores. A benchmark mean score of 3.5 and above was interpreted as positive. Results: Most respondents were married, had tertiary education and were aged 30-34 years. Respondents showed good awareness that neonatal jaundice is common in newborns, that infection increases the risk of neonatal jaundice and that severe jaundice may cause neonatal death. However, knowledge gaps were observed regarding breastfeeding-related jaundice, rebound hyperbilirubinaemia and specific treatment principles. Some misconceptions persisted, including beliefs related to sunlight exposure and sugar water. Major perceived barriers to orthodox care included high treatment cost, lack of money for laboratory tests and drugs, long waiting time at the hospital, fear of phototherapy and hospital equipment, cultural beliefs, advice from relatives or elders, and previous hospital experience. Conclusion: Nursing mothers demonstrated reasonable awareness of neonatal jaundice, but important gaps in knowledge and care practices remain. Strengthened maternal education, clearer counselling during antenatal and postnatal visits, and improved access to affordable neonatal care are needed to promote early recognition and appropriate management.