Knowledge, Attitude and Practice toward Simulium Nuisances among Local Population in Guiembé, Poro Region, Côte d’Ivoire

Abstract

Background: Onchocerciasis (river blindness) was a major cause of blindness with significant socio-economic impacts. In endemic regions like Côte d'Ivoire, understanding community knowledge, perceptions, and behaviors is crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of preventive measures promoted by the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control and Expanded Special Project for Elimination of Neglected Tropical Diseases (ESPEN 2016-present). This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of rural populations in Guiembé toward Simulidian nuisances. Methods: Cluster random sampling was used to select 120 adults for the study. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to subjects. Data on knowledge of the local name, cause, mode of transmission, manifestation, severity, treatment, and prevention of onchocerciasis were collected and analysed. Results: The studied population was predominantly male (68.3%) and had limited access to secondary education. Their primary professional activity was agriculture (84.2%). A high proportion of respondents (95.5%) reported at least one blackfly bite, primarily occurring in fields (45.8%) and near rivers (35.0%). Itching was identified as the main effect of the bites, reported by 98.3% of respondents. Grasses were perceived as the primary factor promoting the proliferation of these flies. Blackfly biting activity was more intense during the afternoon (58.3%), with a clear preference for the legs (79.2%). Regarding prevention methods, the majority of respondents (90.8%) stated they simply wore clothing for protection. In contrast, after a bite, most respondents (83.3%) took no specific measures to alleviate symptoms. Conclusion: This study reveals a high level of exposure to black fly bites, combined with a lack of knowledge of their bioecology among residents, leading to ongoing exposure. The low uptake of post-bite curative measures highlights significant gaps in community knowledge and practice. Strengthening health education, as well as promoting preventive strategies and appropriate post-bite care, could improve the uptake and effectiveness of onchocerciasis control interventions in rural Guiembé.