Knowledge and Preparedness on the Introduction of Malaria Vaccine among PHC Workers in Oshogbo LGA, Osun State, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: The recent introduction of the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine in October 2023, represents a landmark achievement in malaria prevention strategies. However, the success of this vaccine depends not only on its efficacy but also on the knowledge, attitudes, and preparedness of healthcare workers, particularly those in primary health care (PHC) settings who are responsible for vaccine administration and public education. Understanding the readiness of PHC workers is critical for the vaccine’s successful integration into Nigeria's Expanded Program on Immunization. Objectives: This study assesses the knowledge and preparedness of Primary Health Care (PHC) workers regarding the introduction of the malaria vaccine in Osogbo Local Government Area (LGA), Osun State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among PHC workers in Osogbo LGA of Osun State using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Discussion: While 66.7% of PHC workers were aware of the malaria vaccine, familiarity with specific details such as the vaccine names (RTS,S/AS01 and R21/Matrix-M), efficacy rates, and dosing schedules was markedly low. Only 17.78% of respondents could accurately identify the target age group for the vaccine, and a mere 8.89% knew the correct dosing schedule. A striking 98.89% of respondents reported receiving no formal training on malaria vaccine administration, cold chain management, or adverse event monitoring. This inadequate preparedness poses a significant barrier to the successful rollout of the vaccine. Given the central role that PHC workers occupy in vaccine delivery, comprehensive training and capacity-building initiatives are essential to ensure that they are equipped with the necessary knowledge and skills. A significant proportion (93.33%) of respondents indicated that their facilities were equipped with basic resources suggesting that infrastructure is not a major barrier to vaccine rollout in Osogbo. Additionally, 94.44% of PHC workers recognized the potential for integrating the malaria vaccine with existing malaria control measures. Conclusion: The study identified opportunities to leverage existing infrastructure and community engagement strategies to support vaccine introduction. And that while PHC workers possess basic knowledge of malaria, further training is essential to improve their preparedness for vaccine implementation.