Seed Germination and Seedling Emergence of Shepherd's needle (Scandix pecten-veneris) as Affected by Seed Weight or Burial Depth

Abstract

Shepherd's needle (Scandix pecten-veneris L.) is a very common broadleaf weed of winter cereals and also an edible weed used in many regions in Greece. Knowing the behavior of the weed seeds in the soil may help in designing its management strategy and its future cultivation. Field and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of seed weight or burial depth on seed germination and seedling emergence in 2008 and 2010. For seed weight effect on germination and seedling emergence light and heavy seeds were tested by Petri dish assay and in the field (sowing depth 4 cm). For burial depth study six depths - 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15 cm - were examined in field trials made in two periods of time: 25 November and 15 March for two years. Percentage of seed germination, seedling emergence and mean emergence time were measured. Results showed that light seeds germinated better (74±2.2-95±2.2%) and earlier (20.5±0.64-31.0±0.45 days) than heavy seeds (34±3.2-58±5.1% and 25.4±0.57-33.8±0.46 days, respectively). The burial depth influenced seedling emergence and mean emergence time (MET) in most cases. Low emergence percentage (1.7±1.1-33.8±7.2%) was found at the depth of 15 cm and high at depth of 2.5, 5, 7.5 cm. Seeds sowed 15.0 cm deep had higher MET (27.0±0.9-55.1±1.1 days) than those sowed at 2.5 cm (20.9±0.9-41.6±0.5 days).