A Comparative Model Analysis of Predictors of Community Pharmacists’ Collaborative Practices in Two Southwestern States in Nigeria

Abstract

Background: In community pharmacy practice, pharmacists are expected to engage in collaborative activities to deliver quality service to clients. However, due to the hybrid nature (social and commercial dimensions) of the practice, certain subjective behavioral norms-competitive and information-sharing behavior may have potential influence on the collaborative behaviors of community pharmacists Objectives: Based on the theory of planned behavior framework, the study tests the influence of subjective norms-competitive behavior and information-sharing practices on the collaborative behavior of community pharmacists; and, investigated possible differences in the perception of respondents in two southwestern states in Nigeria Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study with randomly administered questionnaires to 421 community pharmacists from two purposively selected states- Lagos (230) and Ogun (191) in southwest Nigeria. A structural equation model was developed using Analysis of Moment Structures software (AMOS). Group differences were evaluated using the chi-square difference test. Results: Competitive behavior and information-sharing behavior are substantial predictors of collaborative behaviors among community pharmacists (R2=0.97, p<0.001). Multigroup analysis revealed differences in perception between respondents in the densely populated and less densely populated settings. Model comparisons revealed insignificant group differences. Conclusion: The study confirmed that information-sharing and competitive behavior have a positive and significant influence on collaborative behavior. The findings of the study imply that no link exists between the geographical placement of community pharmacists and differences in their practice behavior. Professional associations and regulatory bodies should provide training and engage in participatory workshops to strengthen the right collaborative attitudes among community pharmacists. The study provides a theoretical framework for further studies in inter- and intra-professional relations among healthcare professionals.