Antibiogram Pattern of Bacteria Isolates from Ground Water (Borehole Water) Resources in Port Harcourt, Southern Nigeria

Abstract

The study considered antibiogram of bacteria isolates from selected ground water (borehole water) resources susceptibility pattern of the isolated microorganisms in Port Harcourt during the dry and wet season of 2020. Seven (7) sampling locations designated as Abuloma, Borikiri, Eagle Island, Fimie, Macoba-Isaka, Rumuekini and Rumuokoro in Port Harcourt Metropolis were established. Water samples were collected from boreholes in 10 ml sterile sampler and placed in an ice-parked container and send to the laboratory for the analysis of Vibrio, Stapylococcus, Total Heterotrophic bacteria, Salmonella, Shigella, Total coliform and Fecal coliforms). Bacteria isolates were examined for the susceptibility and resistance of Ofloxacin, Augumentin, Cetazidine, Gentamycin, Cefiximine, Ciproflaxin, Cefturoxine and Nitrofurantoin. There were observed increased rate of resistance antibiotics in this study which could be attributed to the widespread misuse of various antibiotics without control. The E. coli percentage resistance isolates from the water sources discovered that Ofloxacin, Ciproflaxin, Nitrofurantoin had no value in percentage resistance of the E coli isolated. Augmentin had 50% (Abuloma), 100% (Rumuokoro, Rumuekini, Makoba-Island and Eagle Island). Ceftazidime had 100% (Borikiri, Fimie, Abuloma, Rumuokoro, Rumuekini, Makoba-Island and Eagle Island) correspondingly. Gentamicin had 50% (Abuloma), 60% (Rumuekini), 100% (Rumuokoro, Makoba-Island and Eagle Island). Cefixime had 100% (Borikiri, Fimie, Abuloma, Rumuokoro, Rumuekini, Makoba-Island and Eagle Island) while Cefuroxim had 100% for (Borikiri, Fimie, Abuloma, Rumuokoro, Rumuekini, Makoba-Island and Eagle Island). The susceptibility in percentage of the E coli isolated revealed that Ofloxacin had percentage value of 100% (Fimie, Rumuokoro, Rumuoekini, Abuloma, Makoba-Isaka, Eagle Island and Borikiri) respectively. Augmentin and Gentamicin had 50% in Abuloma. There was no percentage value for Cetazidime, Cefixime and Cefuroxime while Ciproflaxin appeared as 100% (Fimie and Borikiri) and 50% (Rumuokoro and Abuloma) respectively. Nitrofurantoin had percentage values as 100% in Abuloma, Borikiri, Eagle Island, Fimie, Makoba-Isaka, Rumuekini and Rumuokoro correspondingly. Findings holds that the microbial counts of groundwater resources are moderately lower, intense commercial activities increase the rate of occurrence of microbial activities in water bodies, the high percentage resistance is a factor of indiscriminate waste disposal pattern and drug abuse of the citizenry. Thus, it is recommended that groundwater source (boreholes) be sited away from septic tanks source(s) as possible interference under the influence of proximity could become inevitable. More so, public health education on the dangers of drug abuse and indiscriminate waste disposal be encouraged.