Prevalence of Anaemia and Pulmonary Mycoses in Immunocompromised Subjects: A Review of Nigeria Perspective

Abstract

Anaemia and mycoses are being diagnosed with increasing frequency among immuno-compromised subjects. Fungal respiratory infections are important causes of mortality and morbidity among immuno-compromised individuals. The goal of this research was to systematically review the prevalence of anaemia and mycoses among immuno-compromised subjects in Nigeria based on published articles. We reviewed a total of 23 studies published between 2009 and 2021 comprising retrospective studies, cross-sectional studies and case reports. The overall prevalence of anaemia in this study was between 16.2%-75.5% while mycoses prevalence was between 8.7-73.6% among immuno-compromised subjects in reviewed Nigerian populations. This study revealed that the prevalence of anaemia in South-South, South-East and Abuja (North Central Nigeria) were between 47.4%-73.5%, 44.6%-75.5% and 16.2% respectively among immuno-compromised HIV/AIDS and/or TB co-infections. The prevalence of mycoses in South-South, South-East, Western Nigeria and Northern Nigeria were between 25.3%-36%, 22.4%-52.5%, 8.7-33% and 12.7%-73.6% respectively among immuno-compromised subjects. This study confirm that anaemia and mycoses are common among immuno-compromised subjects in Nigeria; with pulmonary mycoses and low CD4 being important risk factors.