Toxicity Profile of Methanol Leaves Extract of Morinda citrifolia on the Liver of Wistar Rats

Abstract

Aim: The study is aimed to determine the toxicity effects of Morinda citrofolia extracts on the liver of Wistar albino rat. Study Design: A total of twenty-four (24) Wistar rats were grouped into six (6), each comprises of eight rats and treated as follows:Group 1 received 1ml normal saline (control), Group 2: received 100 mg/kg body weight of methanol extract of M. citrifolia leaves, Group 3 received 200mg/kg body weight of methanol extract M. citrifolia leavesand Group 4 received 400mg/kg of body weight of methanol extract of M. citrifolia leaves Methodology: Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical evaluation, acute toxicity assessments, biochemical liver function parameters (ALT, AST and ALP), and histology of the liver. Results: The qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids. Quantitative analysis further revealed high concentrations of alkaloids (1540 ± 14.34 mg/100g), and flavonoids (734 ± 11.32 mg/100g of Gallic acid equivalent). Acute toxicity test revealed no mortality or signs up to an oral dose of 2000mg/kg. Liver function assays showed non-significant (p ≤ 0.05) changes in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels across groups, although an increasing trend was noted. Liver histopathology exhibited mild congestion and inflammatory cell infiltration in some groups, suggesting potential mild hepato-toxic effects with prolonged exposure. Conclusion:Morinda citrifolia methanol leaves extract demonstrated low acute toxicity, but prolonged exposure may lead to mild hepatotoxic effects. Further studies are recommended to explore the full toxicity profile of this plant extract.