Isolation and Phenotypic Characterization of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase Producing Bacteria from Urinary Tract Infection Patients in Adamawa State, Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction: The irrational and inappropriate use of beta-lactam antimicrobial drugs has led to the advent of resistant strains worldwide. Beta-lactam resistance is mainly attributed to acquiring beta-lactamase genes, the consequence has been preventable treatment failures (sometimes fatal) in patients. Aims: To Identify the Incidence of Extended-spectrum Beta-lactamae Producing Bacteria In Urinary Tract Infection (U.T.I). Patients (outpatients and inpatients) of Specialist Hospital Jimeta-Yola Adamawa State, North-east Nigeria. Methodology: It was a Cross-sectional study carried out in Microbiology Unit of the Department of Science Laboratory Technology, School of Life Sciences, Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Between April and June 2016, The Strains Were Isolated, Identified And Screened For E.S.B.L By Double Disc Diffusion Synergy Tests (DDDST) Using Augmentin and Third-Generation Cephalosporin Cefuroxime-CRX, Cefixime-CXM and Ceftazidime-CAZ Purchased from Rapid labs. U.K. Results: Of the 150 isolates, 49%(74/150) were Gramm positive and 51%(76/150) were Gramm negative, S. aureus 29% (44/150) was found to be the most prevalent organism followed by E. coli  21%(31/150) while P. aeruginosa has the lowest 2%(4/150), of the 150 isolates,17.4%(26/150)  were E.S.B.L producers with female patients accounting for the 84.6%(22/26), out of 31 E. coli isolates 25%(8/31) were ESBL producers, out of the 21 K. pneumonia isolates 19%(4/21) is ESBL  producers, out of the 16 S. feacalis isolates 6%(1/16) is ESBL producers, out of the 14 P. mirabilis isolates 21%(3/14) is ESBL producers, out of the 4 isolates 50%(2/4) are ESBL producers and none of the isolates of S. epidermis and E. aeruginosa was ESBL producer. Conclusion: Periodic Study Of E.S.B.L Should Be Employed To Monitor Local Resistance Pattern And Comparative Study Of Both The Phenotypic And Genotypic Detection Should Be Employed To Authenticate The Reliability Of The Phenotypic Detection Method(S).