Impact of Liquid Bioformulations on Mulberry Leaf Quality and Physiological Traits

Abstract

Aims: The present study aimed to assess the impact of a liquid organic growth promoter comprising Orgafol, plant growth regulators (PGRs), and beneficial microbial inoculants (Azospirillum, Phosphobacteria, and VAM) on key physiological and biochemical traits of Morus indica cv. V1, with the objective of improving mulberry leaf quality for sustainable sericulture. Study Design: The research was conducted as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) under controlled greenhouse conditions. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Sericulture, Forest College & Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Mettupalayam, India; conducted over a growth period of 65 days. Methodology: Ten treatment combinations were formulated using Orgafol in combination with various microbial inoculants and PGRs. These were applied at four graded concentrations (5, 10, 15, and 20 ml/plant) to potted mulberry plants. The study evaluated leaf moisture content (LMC), moisture retention capacity (MRC), total chlorophyll content, and soluble protein using standard biochemical and physiological methods. Statistical analysis was performed using OPSTAT and SPSS software at the 5% significance level. Results: Treatment T9 (Orgafol + NAA + Azospirillum + Phosphobacteria) consistently recorded the highest values: LMC (78.48%), MRC (80.79%), chlorophyll (4.43 mg g⁻¹), and protein content (23.33%). All measured traits showed a dose-dependent improvement. Differences between treatments were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The integrated use of liquid bioformulations significantly improved mulberry leaf physiological and biochemical traits. These inputs serve as effective, sustainable alternatives to synthetic fertilizers and support eco-friendly sericulture practices.