Impact of Gas Flaring Activities on Human Health and Socioeconomic Activities in Nigeria: A Review

Abstract

Gas flaring has been identified as one of the main causes of environmental, health and socioeconomic challenges in Nigeria, especially in communities within the Niger Delta region are most affected. Food insecurity, loss of biodiversity and chronic health conditions, among others, are consequences of such activities. In order to understand the specific impact of gas flaring, especially as the general well-being of Nigerians has remained a continuous research topic. This study carried out a review on the impact of gas flaring activities on the health and socioeconomic activities of Nigerians, with special focus on the Niger Delta region. The researcher reviewed empirical and theoretical studies on the consequences of gas flaring on public health; consequences of non-gas utilisation on socio-economic wellbeing; legal framework and policy on gas flaring in Nigeria; ethical implications of gas flaring in Nigeria; and challenges in the implementation of gas laws in Nigeria. Also, Sustainable Development Theory and Resource Curse Theory were analysed in relation to the health and socioeconomic well-being of citizens through the enactment of policies. The widespread practice of gas flaring in Nigeria's oil-producing regions has detrimental effects on people's health. Respiratory disorders, malignancies, and cardiovascular problems can result from the discharge of harmful pollutants such as CO, NOX, SO2, and VOCs. Moreover, it was found that Nigeria flares over 2.5 BCF of gas related to petroleum in this way. This constitutes a USD 2.5 billion loss to Nigeria and amounts to 40% of all natural gas usage in Africa. Gas utilisation is one of the most cost-effective solutions for gas flaring. Establishing a trade-off between these gas flaring factors and their consequences on the economy is necessary in order to investigate and classify the chosen drivers of gas flaring based on empirical evidence. The study concluded that through stakeholder cooperation, technology development, and policy enforcement, the issues raised can be addressed. It was recommended among others that gas-to-power projects, an increase in LNG production, and adoption of CNG as a substitute energy for automobiles should be taken more seriously by both government and private firms.