Subglottic Plasmacytoma as an Extramedullary Relapse of Multiple Myeloma: A Case Report

Abstract

Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a rare plasma cell neoplasm arising outside the bone marrow and represents a minority of plasma cell disorders. EMP predominantly occurs in the head and neck region, with laryngeal involvement being exceedingly rare. Subglottic plasmacytoma is an uncommon manifestation and poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its potential for airway obstruction and frequent association with systemic plasma cell disorders such as multiple myeloma (MM). This case study details the rare occurrence of a subglottic plasmacytoma in a 62-year-old male with a history of MM in remission. The patient was presented with progressive dyspnea, stridor, and hoarseness. Imaging revealed a subglottic mass causing airway narrowing, while biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of plasmacytoma with systemic dissemination of MM. The multidisciplinary management included tracheotomy, chemotherapy, and systemic monitoring. Timely recognition and multidisciplinary intervention are essential for managing EMP, given its potential progression to MM. This report underscores the significance of imaging, histopathology, and systemic evaluation in EMP diagnosis and treatment. While radiotherapy remains the cornerstone for localized EMP, systemic therapies are crucial for cases associated with MM. Sharing rare presentations, such as subglottic plasmacytoma, contributes to improved understanding and management of this rare pathology