Evaluation of Membrane Stabilizing, Proteinase and Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Activities of Ethanol Extract of Root and Stem of Sphenocentrum jollyanum Pierre

Abstract

Evaluation of Membrane Stabilizing, Proteinase and Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Activities of Ethanol Extract of Root and Stem of Sphenocentrum jollyanum Pierre Aim: This study aimed at evaluating the anti-inflammatory potential of ethanol extract of the stem and root of Sphenocentrum jollyanum. Study Design: Red blood cell Membrane stabilization, anti-lipoxygenase and proteinase inhibitory activities of the extracts were assayed in-vitro as a measure of anti-inflammatory potential of ethanol extract of root and stem of Sphenocentrum jollyanum Pierre. Place and Duration of Study: All the work was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria between April 2015-February, 2016. Methodology: Four hundred grams of the stem and root was extracted in batches with 90% ethanol in a soxhlet apparatus and concentrated using a rotatory evaporator. Inhibitory effect of the extracts on erythrocytes membrane stabilization, trypsin and lipoxygenase (in vitro) were used to assess anti-inflammatory properties according to standard procedures. The reactions were performed in triplicates and changes in optical density of test samples and control were measured using a 96-well micro plate reader Spectra Max 384 plus (Molecular Devices, USA) and inhibitions were calculated. Results: The result of this study revealed that the extraction yield of the  stem and root was 32.00 g and 26.00 g respectively, while  the stem extract exhibited a significantly (p<0.05) higher dose dependent erythrocyte membrane stabilization when compared with the root extract with IC50  of 325±13.81 μg/ml and 541±6.33 μg/ml respectively. The Proteinase inhibitory assay showed that the stem extract demonstrated a stronger inhibitory activity to the root with IC50 1000±3.35 μg/ml and 1080±2.67 μg/ml. Lipoxygenase inhibition activity assay revealed that the stem and the root extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum inhibited 50% of lipoxygenase at concentration of 426±6.33 μg/ml and 541±6.67 μg/ml respectively. Hence, the results of this study showed that S.J have some bioactive compounds which are effective in management of inflammatory disorders and thus validates the folkloric use of the plant.