Immunostimulants and Fish Culture: An Overview
Elsayed E. Mehana, Arshad H. Rahmani, Salah M. Aly
Annual Research & Review in Biology · pp. 477–489 · Published 5 Nov 2014
10.9734/ARRB/2015/9558Abstract
Aquaculture is one of the fast growing foods producing sector worldwide. Cultured marine, freshwater fish as well as shellfish species are major contributors to fish production and also increase the annual production. Fish farming constitutes unique and significant berth in industrial scale production worldwide. Due to intensive fish farming practices, infectious disease pose a major problem in aquaculture industry globally especially causing heavy loss to farmers. Fish disease is rarely a simple association between pathogen, a host fish and environmental problems, such as poor water quality or others stressors often contribute to the outbreak of disease. Various types of antibiotics, chemotherapeutic and vaccines are in use to control or prevent viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal diseases. Unfortunately, vaccines are usually not able to confer protection on their own; especially those vaccines based on recombinant antigens or inactivated pathogens. Therefore, an alternative inexpensive and effective substitute is needed to enhance the activity of drugs. In this vista, use of adjuvants or immunostimulants is good remedy to increase the vaccine efficacy to control fish and shrimp diseases. Immunostimulants (IS) is a naturally occurring compound that modulates the pathogens via facilitate the function of phagocytic cells and also stimulate the natural killer cells (NK), complement, lysozyme and antibody responses of fish. The activation of the immunological functions by IS is associated with increased protection against both infectious and non-infectious diseases. In this review, we summarized the therapeutics importance of immunostimulants in fish culture and control of diseases development and progression.
Cited by 70
M. Jahazi, S. Hoseinifar, V. Jafari · 2020
Li-Qin Ji, Songzhe Fu, Renlei Ji · Aquaculture · 2019
G. Valladão, S. Gallani, G. T. Jerônimo · Reviews in Aquaculture · 2019
Rusmawanto Rusmawanto, A. Prajitno, A. Yuniarti · Research Journal of Life Science · 2019
O. Safari, M. Sarkheil, M. Paolucci · Fish Physiology & Biochemistry · 2019
I. Sanahuja, L. Fernández-Alacid, B. Ordóñez-Grande · Fish and Shellfish Immunology · 2019
Ignasi Sanahuja Piera · 2019
R. Putri, S. Andayani, A. Yuniarti · The Journal of Experimental Life Sciences · 2018
E. D. Abarike, F. K. Kuebutornye, J. Jian · Reviews in Aquaculture · 2018
O. Safari, M. Sarkheil · Fish and Shellfish Immunology · 2018
Related research
- Online Information Seeking Behavior among Indonesian during the COVID-19 Pandemic — shares topic coverage
- Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake among Health Care Workers: A Case Study of Mogadishu City, Somalia — shares topic coverage
- Assessment of Hepatitis B Vaccine Efficacy, Prevalence of Infection, and Risk Determinants among Expectant Mothers at Antenatal Care in Abyei, South Sudan — shares topic coverage
- Preparation of Fowl Typhoid Vaccine from Field Isolates and Determination of Efficacy — shares topic coverage
- Protection against Helicobacter pylori Infection in BALB/c Mice by Oral or Intramuscular Administration of Multicomponent Vaccine of rCagA +LPS +CpG — shares topic coverage
Article metrics
Real usage data collected on this platform.
0
Page views
0
PDF downloads
0
Outbound clicks
70
Citations
Views by country
Approximate, from request IP at view time — not citizenship or institution. Countries with fewer than 5 views are grouped as "Other".
No views recorded yet.
Traffic sources
Referring site, by host.
No traffic recorded yet.
Views and downloads exclude known bots/crawlers. Citations combines this platform's own DOI-resolved index with each external source's own reported total — see Cited by above for individually listed citing works. Last refreshed 0 seconds ago.