Comparison of Apical Debris Extrusion during Irrigation with Conventional Needle, Dynamic Sonic and Laser-activated Irrigation Systems in Single-rooted Teeth: An In-vitro study

Abstract

Apical extrusion of debris is a crucial consideration in endodontic irrigation as it may lead to post-operative pain and complications. This study compares the amount of apically extruded debris among three irrigation techniques: Conventional Needle Irrigation (CNI), Dynamic Sonic Irrigation (DSI), and Laser-Activated Irrigation (LAI). Forty-five single-rooted teeth were randomly assigned to three groups (n=15) and irrigated accordingly. The extruded debris was collected, dried, and weighed to determine differences in extrusion among the systems. The results indicated that LAI caused the highest debris extrusion, followed by DSI and CNI. Although intergroup differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05), the findings highlight clinical implications in system selection to balance efficacy and extrusion risk.