Histopathological Pattern of Thyroid Diseases in Abuja, Nigeria Capital City: A Review of One Hundred and One Consecutive Cases

Abstract

This study is a histopathological review of 101 consecutive thyroidectomy specimen processed and histologically diagnosed in Anatomic Pathology Department of Asokoro District Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria new capital city between 2010 and 2014. Nodular colloid goiter is the preponderance thyroid lesion seen constituting 75%, of all cases with a male to female ratio of 0.17:1. Neoplasms (11%) represent the second most common pathology with thyroid adenoma representing 8% of cases and thyroid carcinoma 3%, of cases. Seventy five percent of the adenoma was seen in females and all the carcinoma occurred in females. Other lesions are thyroglossal duct cyst (7%) and thyroiditis (7%). The study review a higher incidence of papillary carcinoma over follicular carcinoma and this represents a reversal to findings in most Africa population based study. There is also a high incidence of thyroiditis in comparison with other works in Africa. Because of the small size of our sample population, accurate inference on the gender division of various disorders may not be conclusive. There is a need for further study on the pathology of thyroid lesions in Abuja in other to elucidate the reasons for the disparity noted.