Histopathological Effect of Aqua Fix Supplementation on the Skeletal Muscle and Liver of Labeo rohita (Hamilton,1822) during Immunomodulation and Aeromoniasis

Abstract

The impact of oral feeding diet (supplement) Aqua Fix was studied on the histopathological changes in skeletal muscles and liver of L.rohita during  immunomodulation and aeromoniasis. Three groups (D,E,F) of six months old fish were employed; groups D and E were treated with Aqua Fix  for 4 days, on day 5 fish of group E and F were infected with Aeromonas hydrophila @ 10-6CFU/fish(fish of  group F were fed with normal diet for 4 days).Controls (group G) were untreated and uninfected. Histological examination of the skeletal muscle and liver tissues were carried out on selected days of experimentation (day 1 and day 4 of experiment). The stained sections were observed under microscope and histological changes were noted. Immunostimulated fish (group D) showed normal arrangement of muscle fibers and muscle bundles compared to other groups (E and F) of fish.  Both the muscle fibers and muscle bundles were healthy as in controls (Group G). In infected group (untreated with Aqua Fix, group F), fragmentation of muscle fibers was noticed along with sarcoplasmic debris.  Dermal lesions and moderate edema is noticed in necrotic muscle fibers. Liver in immunostimulated fish showed large, polygonal hepatocytes with distinct, round nuclei. Hepatic central vein and sinusoids were clearly visible. By day 1 of infection, liver exhibited necrosis of hepatocytes, pycnosis of hepatocyte nuclei, granulation and vacuolisation (group F).  Dilation of hepatic vein and sinusoids were observed.  Necrotic foci and haemorrhages were evident in the capillaries of liver and occurred more severely in group F compared to group E (treated with Aqua Fix and infected). The fish (group E) which received immunostimulant and infection showed moderate effect on liver suggesting that Aqua Fix supplementation ameliorate the ill effects of A. hydrophila, showing the positive influence of    herbal immunostiomulant i.e, Aqua Fix in fresh water fish.