Assessment and Health Risks of Glyphosate Residues and Traces Metals Elements in Groundwater Arround Abidjan Region, Côte d’Ivoire

Abstract

Hydraulic networks from groundwater are the resources most exploited by the population for their daily needs. These water tables are constantly under pressure from pollution caused by human activities. In the tropical zone, more particularly in Ivory Coast, very few studies have been carried out on glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), glufosinate and metallic trace elements (ETM) in groundwater. This study aims to determine the level of vulnerability of groundwater by these compounds. The study covered the waters of thirteen boreholes with an average depth of 69.26 meters near the Abidjan region (5°25'0" N / 4°1'60" W ) and the analyzes were carried out using the chromatographic method with detection by spectrophotometry. The results revealed the presence of glyphosate in all the samples analyzed at average concentrations of: 0.12±0.02 µg/L (minimum) and 1.9 ±0.1 µg/L (maximum), all higher than the water potability threshold value (0.1 µg/L) defined by the WHO. As for ETM, they are present in these boreholes at high concentrations of: 39±2 µg/L (As), 130±3 µg/L (Pb), 80±1 µg/L (Cu), 73±3 µg /L (Ni), 200±3 µg/L (Zn) at FILTISSAC, 20±2 µg/L (Cr) at Vridi and 21000 ±200 µg/L (S) in the Koumassi borehole. The health risk linked to the consumption of groundwater by the population, according to the mathematical calculation model used, is not acceptable. This study deserves to be conducted throughout the national territory.