Skip to content
Research Article Open access CC BY 4.0

Groundwater Pollution in Koudougou, Burkina Faso: Chemical and Microbiological Assessment

Gounedmanega Idrissa Kafando, Martine Kone, Adama Kindo, Rose Yamma, Joceline Sawadogo, Seydou Tamboura, Soumaila Konate, Succès Malundama Kutangila, Mamourou Zerbo, Moussa Bougouma

Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences · pp. 16–29 · Published 9 Jan 2025

10.9734/ajocs/2025/v15i1345

Abstract

Continued population growth in African cities has led to an increase in the demand for agricultural produce, with intensive use of inputs. The practice of market gardening in the vicinity of water bodies has an impact on groundwater quality. To make up for the lack of water, some people in the town of Koudougou resort to wells and boreholes. This study assessed the chemical and microbiological pollution of groundwater in the town of Koudougou, Burkina Faso. To this end, 40 water samples were taken from wells and boreholes near watercourses and in market garden production areas. Analyses were carried out using microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry (MP-AES) and molecular absorption spectrophotometry. Principal component analysis was performed using XLSTAT software, and hydrochemical facies analysis was performed using Diagram software from the Laboratoire d'Hydrogéologie, Université d'Avignon. The extraction of pesticides from the water was adapted to the QuEchERS method proposed by Standard NF EN 15662 of 01/2009. Bacteria were also detected by filtration on cellulose membranes. The results of principal component analysis of the water samples revealed strong correlations between Ca2+ and Mg2+ (0.98), Al3+ and Fe2+ (0.96), Cl- and Na+ (0.93), NO3- (0.80). Thus, the origin of the chemical elements could be explained by direct infiltration of surface water and the influence of anthropogenic activities. Analysis of the hydrochemical facies reveals anthropogenic pollution. In addition, the high Al3+ content (0.31 mg/L) in some wells exceeds the WHO threshold value (0.2 mg/L), and is partly linked to rock weathering. In addition, pesticide residue levels have been found to exceed standards. The water is contaminated with faecal matter, with total coliform levels reaching 800 CFU/100 mL. All in all, well water as a whole and 80% of borehole water were found to be unfit for human consumption.

Vegetable growing chemical pollutants pesticides well water drilling

References (8)

  1. 1 Groundwater pollution: Occurrence, detection, and remediation of organic and inorganic pollutants [DOI]
  2. 2 Use of Multidisciplinary Approaches for Groundwater Recharge Mechanism Characterization in Basement Aquifers: Case of Sanon Experimental Catchment in Burkina Faso [DOI]
  3. 3 L’intérêt de l’analyse en composantes principales (ACP) pour la recherche en sciences sociales [DOI]
  4. 4 Application des méthodes statistiques multivariées à l’étude hydrochimique des eaux souterraines de la région des lacs (centre de la Côte d’Ivoire) [DOI]
  5. 5 Spatio-temporal evolution of the physico-chemical parameters of the Inaouen wadi and its tributaries [DOI]
  6. 6 Subsurface Hydrodynamics of the Southeastern Taoudéni Basin (West Africa) through Hydrogeochemistry and Isotopy [DOI]
  7. 7 Impact Des Facteurs De Pollution Sur La Qualite Des Eaux De La Zone Aval De La Vallee De L’oued Nekor (Al-Hoceima, Maroc) [DOI]
  8. 8 10.19044/esj.2022.v18n21 [DOI]

Cited by 0

No indexed citations yet.

Related research

Article metrics

Real usage data collected on this platform.

61

Page views

0

PDF downloads

5

Outbound clicks

0

Citations

Views over time

Views by country

Approximate, from request IP at view time — not citizenship or institution. Countries with fewer than 5 views are grouped as "Other".

Traffic sources

Referring site, by host.

Views and downloads exclude known bots/crawlers. Citations combines this platform's own DOI-resolved index with each external source's own reported total — see Cited by above for individually listed citing works. Last refreshed 0 seconds ago.