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Research Article Open access CC BY 4.0

Global Distribution of Zones of Enhanced Risk for the Ionospheric Weather

T. L. Gulyaeva, F. Arikan, I. Stanislawska, L. V. Poustovalova

Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International · pp. 1–13 · Published 29 Sep 2015

10.9734/JGEESI/2016/20488

Abstract

Regions of the permanent ionosphere instability are identified with 24h daily global W-index maps produced from Global Ionospheric Maps of Total Electron Content, GIM-TEC, provided by Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Planetary Wp index derived from hourly W-index maps from January, 1999, to present, is used to compile Catalogue of more than 270 ionospheric storms which comprise 8% of total database, and the rest represents quiet conditions. The positive storm percentage occurrence (enhanced electron density, pW+) and negative storm occurrence (depleted electron density, pW-) are analyzed in space and time showing dependence on solar activity (SA) and seasons for the global ionosphere and its adopted 240 sub-domains (of latitude bins equal to 10º in the polar regions and 20° elsewhere and 15° hourly longitude bins). A global occurrence of pW+ and pW- during Wp storms follows the 11-year solar cycle with pW- greater than pW+ by about 2 times at high SA and moderate SA while the opposite is observed at solar minimum when pW+ is greater than pW- by about 1.2 times. The regions of enhanced positive storm activity (pW+»10%) are found to occur in the South America, North seashores of Europe and Russia, and between longitudes 30°W to 30°E in Antarctica. Zones of negative storms (pW-»22%) are dominated in Antarctica. The pW+ and pW- depict winter maximum of pW+ and summer maximum of pW- under Wp storm conditions decreasing from high latitudes to minimum at equator throughout all seasons in the both hemispheres. While pW+ and pW- reach 20-25% under the ionosphere storm conditions, the spatial occurrence of pW+ and pW- comprise 6% under quiet conditions at high latitudes which testify on the persistent plasma instability in the ionosphere through more than the total cycle of solar activity.  

Ionospheric weather global ionospheric map total electron content w-index ionospheric storm

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