Global Developmental Delay Associated with Microcephaly and Left-Sided Hydroureteronephrosis: A Pediatric Case Report

Abstract

We report a child with typical clinical features of GDD alongside microcephaly and hydroureteronephrosis. Global development delay generally affects children in multiple developmental domains, which require a multidisciplinary treatment approach for diagnosis and treatment. It is pivotal to understand the relationship between global development delay (GDD) and associated conditions such as autism. With early diagnosis, targeted intervention, and supportive strategies, children with GDD can achieve significant milestones. The central nervous system (CNS) findings show bilateral exaggerated reflexes in the biceps, triceps, knee, and ankle and bilateral extensor reflex in the plantar side. Microcephaly was present in the head along with nystagmus in the eyes. Furthermore, the patient was also suffering from congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) in the lower limb. Prolonged use of aminoglycoside medications such as gentamicin and tobramycin can cause nephrotoxicity. Clinicians should be well-informed about potential side effects. Novel biomarkers like KIM-1 may offer earlier detection of nephrotoxicity. Additionally, surgical correction options such as cystoscopic ablation and pyeloplasty are also worth considering. In this case, a plaster cast was applied, and the child responded well during the follow-up period. After conservative treatment, the child’s vital signs remained stable, and there were no signs of infection.