Skip to content
Research Article Open access CC BY 4.0

Genetic Diagnosis and Prevalence of Urinary Tract Fungal Pathogen with Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern in Iraq

Zaidan Khlaif Imran, Suha Hamid Abuad

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research · pp. 410–418 · Published 27 Feb 2015

10.9734/BJMMR/2015/12559

Abstract

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is considered as one of the frequent diseases affecting humans. Usually, emphasis has been on bacteriological etiologies but this study focuses on fungal etiologies. Aims: The aim of this study is isolation and characterisation of fungal spp. from urine of patients diagnosed of urinary tract infections genetically and phenotypically. Secondly, to evaluate antifungal sensitivity of isolated fungi against 5 antifungals in Iraq. Methods: A total of 150 urine specimens were collected from 150 UTI suspects patients attending Marrjan hospital in Babylon province from October 2012 to October 2013. Fungal organisms were isolated, virulence of Candida was detected and both genetic analysis of isolates and antifungal susceptibility test, using 5 antifungals were performed on the most frequent isolate. Results: Candida albicans (32.7%) and Aspergillus fumigatus (10.9%) were the most frequent fungal isolates. Other isolated fungi from the urinary tract of patients include: Acremonium polychromium, Penicillium digitatum, A. fumigatus, A. niger and some other Candida species including C. albicans, Geotrichum capitatum, C. glabrata, C. guilliermondii and C. famata. Most Candida spp. produced proteinase and lipase. Candida spp. has the ability to ferment most of sugar types under interest except lactose. Clotrimazole, Fluconazole, Ketoconazole, and Amphotercin B showed high activity while Miconazole showed low activity to the most frequent isolate of C. albicans, C. guilliermondii, C. famata. The range of antifungal activity concentration for Amphotericin B was 10-100 mg while for Fluconazole, Miconazole and Ketoconazole was 100-1000 mg. Females (39 cases) aged 18-30 years showed frequency of 26% while males (21cases) aged 30-40 years showed frequency of 14%. Eighteen isolates were genetically analyzed and identified as Candida genus with PCR product size of 210 bp. Conclusion: Fungal organisms are common etiological agents of UTI patients. Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. showing highest frequency in our study. All isolates of yeast were genetically diagnosed as Candida except Geotrichum isolates. The common antifungals like Clotrimazole, Fluconazole, Ketoconazole and Amphotericin B are still effective in eradicating these pathogens in Iraq.

UTI fungi genetic analysis anti-susceptibility test Iraq.

References (33)

  1. 1 Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock* [DOI]
  2. 2 Candida glabrata : Review of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Clinical Disease with Comparison to C. albicans [DOI]
  3. 3 The Use of Solid Media for Detection of Enzyme Production by Fungi [DOI]
  4. 4 New and emerging yeast pathogens [DOI]
  5. 5 Rapid Identification of Pathogenic Fungi Directly from Cultures by Using Multiplex PCR [DOI]
  6. 6 Candiduria in critically ill patients admitted to intensive care medical units [DOI]
  7. 7 Seminested PCR for Diagnosis of Candidemia: Comparison with Culture, Antigen Detection, and Biochemical Methods for Species Identification [DOI]
  8. 8 Oral Microbiology: Isolation and identification of candida from the oral cavity [DOI]
  9. 9 Airborne viable, non-viable, and allergenic fungi in a rural agricultural area of India: a 2-year study at five outdoor sampling stations [DOI]
  10. 10 Fluconazole disk diffusion procedure for determining susceptibility of Candida species [DOI]
  11. 11 European guidelines for urinalysis: a collaborative document produced by European clinical microbiologists and clinical chemists under ECLM in collaboration with ESCMID [DOI]
  12. 12 Candidemia from a Urinary Tract Source: Microbiological Aspects and Clinical Significance [DOI]
  13. 13 Candiduria in Hospital Patients: A Study Prospective [DOI]
  14. 14 Fluconazole Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Testing of Candida Species [DOI]
  15. 15 Incidence of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) among pregnant women in Akwa metropolis, Southeastern Nigeria [DOI]
  16. 16 Candidemia: species involved, virulence factors and antimycotic susceptibility.
  17. 17 CLINICAL STUDY OF CANDIDA VAGINITIS IN AHVAZ, IRAN AND SUSCEPTIBILITY OF AGENTS TO TOPICAL ANTIFUNGAL
  18. 18 Microbiological Characteristics of Yeasts Isolated from Urinary Tracts of Intensive Care Unit Patients Undergoing Urinary Catheterization [DOI]
  19. 19 Culture and Identification of Candida Albicans from Vaginal Ulcer and Separation of Enolase on SDS-PAGE [DOI]
  20. 20 Pichia anomala fungaemia in immunocompromised children [DOI]
  21. 21 Risk factors for nosocomial candiduria [DOI]
  22. 22 Comparison of a New Chromogenic Agar with the Germ Tube Method for Presumptive Identification of Candida albicans [DOI]
  23. 23 Candiduria in hospitalized patients: a review.
  24. 24 Frequency of candiduria in inpatients and outpatients in department of Urology, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran.
  25. 25 Isolation and Detection of Yeast Biofilms From Urine Catheters of Infectious Patients [DOI]
  26. 26 Molecular epidemiology of Candida species isolated from urine at an intensive care unit [DOI]
  27. 27 Candida dubliniensis: first identification in Sfax hospital, Tunisia [DOI]
  28. 28 Clinicians’ reaction to positive urine culture for Candida organisms [DOI]
  29. 29 Urinary Tract Infection in Childhood [DOI]
  30. 30 Germ tube and chlamydospore formation by Candida albicans on a new medium [DOI]
  31. 31 Renal fungal ball: An unusual sonographic finding [DOI]
  32. 32 Urinary tract infection in childhood [DOI]
  33. 33 Candiduria: a review of clinical significance and management.

Cited by 7

Nosocomial Candiduria in Critically Ill Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Units in Menoufia University Hospitals, Egypt

Amira A. Alkilani, Abeer H. El Shalakany, Eman A. El-Masry, Elham T. Awad, Eman A. Mohamad · Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research · 2016

Prevalence of urinary tract infections among pregnant women in Iraq: meta-analysis study

N. Hanoon · University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science · 2024

Isolation, identification, and antifungal resistance of Candida species from various samples

K. N. Q. Salem, Abdullah Salem Ben Barakat Bawazir, A. Muthana · University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences · 2023

An annotated bibliography of medical mycology in Iraq: 1962 -2021

A. Hussain, H. Hashim, T. Mohamed · Microbial Biosystems · 2021

Determination of Predisposing Factors in Developing Candida albicans Associated Urinary Tract Infection and Antifungal Sensitivity Profile

S. Lal, O. Parkash, Pardeep Kumar · 2021

Showing 5 of 7 known citations — external sources report more than can currently be individually listed.

Related research

Article metrics

Real usage data collected on this platform.

57

Page views

0

PDF downloads

17

Outbound clicks

7

Citations

Views over time

Views by country

Approximate, from request IP at view time — not citizenship or institution. Countries with fewer than 5 views are grouped as "Other".

Traffic sources

Referring site, by host.

Views and downloads exclude known bots/crawlers. Citations combines this platform's own DOI-resolved index with each external source's own reported total — see Cited by above for individually listed citing works. Last refreshed 0 seconds ago.