Predictors of Mortality in Infective Endocarditis: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Introduction: Infective endocarditis (IE) remains a major health problem with significant morbidity and mortality rates. Despite its serious implications, data on prognostic factors remain scarce. Aim: We aim to determine predictive factors of mortality during infective endocarditis. Methods: We performed a retrospective study including patients admitted to university hospital Mohammed 6 of Marrakech between September 2019 and January 2024 for a confirmed IE based on Dukes modified criteria. Results: Of 43 patients included, 30 were males (69%) and 13 were females (30%). The mean age was 47.4 for men and 49.30 for women. 44.1% of our patients were admitted in heart failure, and 37% presented themselves late to our facility for management. Only 25.58% suffered from kidney failure and 55.8% presented an LV dysfunction. Complications were noted at a rate of 48%. Male’s group had less complication rate with 10% vs 38% in females’ group (p=0.042). And an overall mortality rate was at 34% and there were no significant sex related differences in terms of mortality between the two groups (33% in males vs 38% in females, p = 0.742). The analytical study concluded that heart failure at admission(p<0.001), neurological complications(p=0.024), anemia (p=0.049), kidney failure (p=0.002), prolonged antibiotics (p=0.016), LV dysfunction (p=0.027) and an emergency surgery (p<0.001) were independent risk factors for mortality. Conclusion: Our study underscores the urgent need to identify predictive factors of mortality in infective endocarditis (IE), and to adopt a multidisciplinary approach to enhance the care and management of patients, ultimately aiming to improve their survival rates.