Association of Malaria in Pregnancy to Socio-demographic Factors and Utilization of Preventive Measures in Awka Metropolis, South-eastern, Nigeria

Abstract

Aims: This study aims to analyze the prevalence of malaria among pregnant women attending antenatal health centres in Awka Metropolis and to investigate the association between malaria infection status to socio-demographic factors and utilization of preventive measures.  Study Design:  A cross-sectional study design. Place and Duration of Study: Awka metropolis between May to October 2023. Methodology: The study sample was estimated using the Yaro Yamane’s formula. Data collection involved structured questionnaires and laboratory tests to determine malaria status. Thick and thin blood films of the samples collected were examined microscopically. The statistical analysis assessed associations between malaria infection and variables such as socio-demographic factors and use of preventive measures using the Chi-square test in SPSS statistical software version 25. Results: The malaria infection rate among the study population was 21.3%. The age group of 20-29 years showed the highest malaria infection rate (27.6%) and the highest incidence of infection occurred in single pregnant women (36.4%). However, unemployment was associated with a higher infection rate (30.4%). Notably, the use of preventive measures such as Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs), Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPT) were correlated with lower infection rates. The findings highlight a significant prevalence of malaria among pregnant women in Awka Metropolis, with the highest infections observed in younger, single, and unemployed women. The use of LLINs, IRS, and IPT treatment showed effectiveness in reducing the risk of malaria. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the importance of targeted interventions focusing on the identified high-risk groups and the promotion of malaria preventive measures among pregnant women in Awka Metropolis to mitigate the adverse effects of malaria on maternal and foetal health.