Isolation of Intestinal Parasites of Public Health Importance from Cockroaches in Anambra State, Nigeria

Abstract

Cockroaches pose significant public health problem due to their ability to mechanically transmit human intestinal parasites and other disease-causing micro-organisms. Hence this study was carried out to assess the prevalence and distribution of intestinal parasites associated with cockroaches in Anambra State, Nigeria. Cockroaches were trapped live, using sterile jars baited with pieces of bread soaked in a small amount of beer for 12 consecutive months. The upper portions (inside) of the jars were smeared with a light layer of petroleum jelly (Vaseline®) to hinder the cockroaches from escaping. The collected cockroaches were examined for the presence of human intestinal parasites through established parasitological procedures. Overall, 2110 cockroaches (Periplaneta americana, 1498 {70.9%}, Blattella germanica, 277 {13.1%} and Blatta orientalis 335 {15.9%}) were caught from three different sites in the study area. Cockroach abundance and distribution varied with site of collection; the occurrence 1 was significantly higher statistically (P< 0.05) in cockroaches collected from market 911 (43.2%) and residence 652 (30.9%) than hospital 330 (15.9%) and restaurants 217 (10.3%). Parasite species identified and their prevalence were as follows: Entamoeba histolytica 92 (25.8%), Giardia lamblia 50 (14.0%), Ascaris lumbricoides 103 (25.8%), Trichuris trichiura 18 (5.0%), hookworms 25 (7.0%), Enterobius vermicularis 32 (9.0%) and Taenia spp. 37 (10.4%). More parasites were isolated from external surface 211 (59.1%) than in the gut 146 (40.9%). Findings ofthis study indicate a relatively high infectivity rate in the cockroaches. Since this research detected this high rate of intestinal parasites in the cockroaches, their role in disease transmission cannot be over emphasized. Hence, there is need to raise awareness on the need for improved hygiene and sanitation in the state.