Exclusive Breast Feeding Practices, Knowledge and Challenges amongst Mothers with Children 0-6 Months in the Bamenda II Municipality of the Northwest Region of Cameroon

Abstract

The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first six months of life remains low globally and in Cameroon, despite strong evidence supporting its benefits. This study aimed to assess the practice, knowledge, and challenges of exclusive breast feeding among mothers in the Bamenda II municipality of the Northwest Region of Cameroon. A cross-sectional study design was employed, involving 100 participants. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of exclusive breast feeding, level of practice, and potential barriers to its uptake. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and bivariate logistic regression, with significance set at p<0.05 at a 95% confidence level. Results showed that, 43% of participants practiced exclusive breast feeding for up to 6 months of life. 95% had heard about exclusive breast feeding, about 97% knew the effects of not Exclusively breast feeding.  83% had a good knowledge on exclusive breast feeding. Results also showed that single or divorced participants were 4times more likely (95% Cl =1.3-12.5: P = 0.02) to breastfeed exclusively than married participants. Participants who were multipara, were 0.1time less likely (95%Cl = 0.1-0.95: P = 0.045) to breastfeed compared to those who were Primipara. Participants who faced difficulties were 0.4times less likely (95%Cl = 0.2-0.96: P = 0.04) to practice exclusive breast feeding compared to those that faced no difficulties. Those who had a good knowledge on exclusive breast feeding were 1.1 times (95%Cl=0.4 – 3.2; P=0.86) more likely to practice EBF, but it was not significant. Also participants who lived in rural areas were 3.1 times (95% Cl=1.6– 3.7; P=0.002)   more likely to practice exclusive breast feeding compared to those that were from urban settings. Despite high levels of awareness and knowledge of exclusive breast feeding among participants, its practice was suboptimal, with only 43% adherence—well below WHO standards. To address this, facilities, programs, and reminder systems should be implemented to monitor and encourage exclusive breast feeding. Additionally, regular campaigns and educational programs should be organized to promote and sustain the practice.