Evaluation of the In vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Melia azedarach and Swertia chirata Aqueous Extracts Against Haemonchus contortus

Abstract

Aim: This research intended to assess the in vitro anthelmintic properties of Mahaneem leaves (Melia azedarach) and whole plant of Chirata (Swertia chirata). Study Design: In vitro study was conducted aganist Haemonchus contortus eggs and adult stage by egg hatch assay (EHA) and adult motility inhibition test (AMIT). Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in the departement of Veterinary Parasitology, WBUAFS, Kolkata-37 between November,2023 to August, 2024 Methodology: The aqeous extract of Mahaneem and Chirata whole plants were prepared by decoction method, dried and desolved in 2% Dimethyl Sulfoxide to make desirable concentration of extract solutions. Adult Haemonchus contortus was collected from freshly slaughter abomasum of sheep for separation of eggs and active motile adult was used for AMIT. Each EHA and AMIT was performed in triplicate.  Results: The results revealed that both Chirata and Mahaneem extracts shows anthelmintic activity against Haemonchus contortus. Chirata extract had better efficacy against both eggs and adult stage of Haemonchus contortus compare to Mahaneem leave extract. In EHA, Chirata extract efficacy at the dose of 50 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml was more statistically significant (p<0.05) than Mahaneem extract. In AMIT, also Chirata shows significantly more efficacy at 50mg/ml and 25 mg/ml than Mahaneem,but at the dose rate of 10 mg Mahaneem shows better efficacy (38.88   2.22) than Chirata (31.11  2.22) extract. At 50 mg/ml concentration after 10 hours of experiment Chirata shows higest efficacy (82.22  2.22) compare to Mahaneem (57.77  2.22). Conclusion: Both Chirata and Mahaneem aqueous extract can potentially be effective against Haemonchus contortus and other GINs in small rumunats when administer properly with selected doses.