Evaluation of Spent Mushroom Substrate-based Compost on Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.)

Abstract

Spent mushroom substrate (SMS)-based compost offers a practical option for recycling agricultural waste while improving soil fertility. This field study evaluated the effect of SMS compost enriched with organic additives and micronutrients on the growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L., var. VNR 4226). The experiment was conducted during the 2025 Kharif season at GIET University, Gunupur, Odisha, using a randomised complete block design with eight treatments and three replications. Treatments included farmyard manure, the recommended dose of fertiliser (RDF), SMS-based compost mixtures, neem cake and Zn- and B-enriched SMS compost combinations. Growth parameters were recorded at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing and at harvest, while yield and harvest index were recorded at maturity. Treatment T8 (SMS @ 7 t ha-1 + dried plant debris @ 2 t ha-1 + cow dung @ 1 t ha-1 + 5% Zn + B + RDF) recorded the highest plant height (217.47 cm), leaf area index (10.53), dry matter production (237.63 g plant-1), kernel yield (8.17 t ha-1), stalk yield (8.74 t ha-1) and harvest index (51.00%). Kernel yield under T8 was 359% higher than that of the FYM control. The results indicate that integrating SMS-based compost with Zn, B and RDF can improve maize growth and yield under the experimental conditions.