Evaluation of Respiratory Symptoms and Lung Function in Car Spray Painters in Ibadan, Nigeria

Abstract

Aim: This study investigated the correlation between respiratory symptoms and ventilatory function among car spray painters. Methodology: The study was a cross-sectional analytical study. The study population comprised car spray painters from various automobile workshops in Ibadan and control subjects. The control group was comprised of individuals not exposed to spray paint or other respiratory hazards in their workplaces. The sample size was determined using Fisher’s formula giving a total sample size of 500 participants, 250 car spray painters, and 250 control subjects. The car spray painters were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire designed in English and translated to Yoruba (the local language) when necessary. Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1), Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) and Diffusing Capacity of the Lungs for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO) were determined using standard methods.  Data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: The study highlighted a significant difference in educational levels between both groups. Additionally, most car spray painters (91.2%) reported the use of personal protective equipment, with safety goggles being the most common type used. A high percentage of the painters worked in open spaces (61.2%) and had access to ventilation facilities (94.8%). The health and lifestyle assessment revealed a significant disparity in smoking and alcohol consumption habits, with higher prevalence among car spray painters. Results showed that FVC, FEV1, FEV1:FVC ratio, PEFR, and DLCO, with the car spray painters presenting lower values except for the FEV1:FVC ratio and DLCO, which were higher. The car spray painters also showed a higher prevalence of obstructive (35.2%) and restrictive (23.2%) ventilatory patterns compared to the control group. Conclusion: The findings indicate a strong association between car spray painting and respiratory symptoms, a decrease in certain ventilatory functions, and a higher prevalence of obstructive and restrictive patterns. This underscores the importance of occupational health and safety interventions, including education and improved use of personal protective equipment, to mitigate the adverse effects of this profession on respiratory health.