Evaluating the Effect of Different Planting Dates on Growth and Yield Performance of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.)] Walp in Buea, Cameroon

Abstract

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata, (L) Walp) is an important grain legume widely grown in sub-Saharan Africa including Cameroon, providing food for humans and livestock. Timing of planting is an important cultural practice that increases plant growth and yields. This study therefore, aimed at planting cowpeas different dates in order to determine the most appropriate planting time for this crop in terms of growth and yield performance in Buea. Research The research was carried out from March to June and September to December cropping seasons of 2021. It was a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications in which, a medium maturing cowpea variety “Fekem” was sown at four planting dates (15th March, 22nd March, 5th April and 12th April) in the first season and (7th September, 14th September, 21st September and 28th September) in the second season. Two hundreds seeds were sown per experimental unit. Data for growth parameters include number of leaves, number of branches and weight of plant biomass while that for yield components include number of flowers, number of pods, weights of pods and seeds. Data obtained was subjected to descriptive analysis, analysis of variance using the SPSS statistical package and means separated using Duncan test at 5% probability. Results showed that there was a significant difference (P>0.05) in number of leaves of cowpeas planted during the first season compared to the second season. The number of branches significantly different (P>0.05) in the second season compared to first season. The weight of plant biomass had a significant difference (P>0.05) in the first season compared to second season. In terms of yield components, flowers, pods and grain weight were significantly higher in the second season compared to the first season. Overall, it is preferable to plant cowpea in the second season because grain quantity and quality will be higher and thereby, farmers will generate more income from their fields.