Epidemiological Assessment of Hospitalizations Due to Falls among the Elderly in the Mesoregion of the Northwest of the State of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

Abstract

Background and Aim:  Falls are one of the leading causes of disability and mortality among the elderly. Risk factors for falls are multifactorial, and classified into intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The aim of this research is to investigate, using already available general public health data, the epidemiological aspects of fall-related hospitalizations among elderly individuals admitted to the Northwest mesoregion of the state of Rio de Janeiro, to establish the groundwork for future studies with specific evaluation methodologies the development of more appropriate Public Health policies. Methods: The research was based on the data obtained from the Hospital Information System (DataSUS) and the 2022 census from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), assessing hospitalizations due to falls among individuals aged 60 and over in the Mesoregion of the Northwest of Rio de Janeiro between 2014 and 2023. The data were compiled for analysis of demographic distribution, fall incidence, gender distribution, and mortality rate. Results: Significant variations in hospitalization rates were observed. Disparities in incidence rates were attributed to different degrees of exposure to risks considered as extrinsic factors predisposing to falls. The distribution of incidences by gender and age groups reflected trends observed in similar research, with women and individuals over 80 years old disproportionately requiring hospitalization. The mortality rate among elderly hospitalized for falls was 3.5%, lower than the national average. Conclusion: The epidemiological analysis highlights the need for more effective Public Health interventions in Miracema and Itaocara. While some municipalities have succeeded in preventing falls among the elderly, others still face challenges. Sharing experiences among Municipal Health Departments, resource cooperation, joint planning of regional actions, and collaborative governance are recommended strategies to mitigate this serious Public Health issue.